日冕物质抛射与太阳粒子事件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张桂清 《地球物理学进展》1997,12(2):112-119

本文介绍了２０多年来对日冕物质抛射与太阳粒子事件的关系和太阳粒子事件的源等方面的研究成果和进展。大量的研究表明，太阳粒子事件源于日冕物质抛射并被日冕和行星际激波加速和控制。在无耀斑源的日冕和行星际激波加速和控制。只有极少数产生太阳粒子事件，并且这些事件中多数为低能粒子事件。这些相关日冕物质抛射的共同特征是：无相关的强Ｘ射线爆发，产生的行星际激波速度较快，无激波加速，无Ⅱ和Ⅳ米波爆发。几乎所有的产生  相似文献   

Sediment-chemistry response to land-use change and pollutant loading in a hypertrophic lake, southern Sweden   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Siv Olsson  Joachim Regnéll  Anders Persson  Per Sandgren 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(3):275-294

Responses to recent land-use changes and pollutant loading in the sediment of a hypertrophic lake in southern Sweden were studied by comparison of geochemical, pollen and magnetic records with historical land-use data. A chronology was constructed for the last two centuries by correlating changes in the pollen diagram to major events in the land-use history. Sediment accumulation was low (mean c. 0.2 g cm^-2 yr^-1) prior to 1800 AD, when less than 25% of the catchment was arable land. Reorganization of the agrarian system during the 19th century increased the annually tilled area by 300%, which accelerated soil erosion and substantially increased the accumulation of allochtonous matter in the lake. Since the turn of the century 90% of the catchment has been ploughed every year. The deposition of clastic matter in the lake has, however, decreased due to a gradual rerouting of the drainage system, which has reduced the effective catchment area by c. 85%.Authigenic vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O) is a major P phase in the preindustrial non-sulphidic sediments, which suggests that the sediments at that time served as a fairly efficient sink for P. The arable expansion, increased manuring and, eventually, the introduction of artificial fertilizers during the 19th century led to a massive influx of nutrients, which elevated primary production in the lake. Subsequent development of bottom water anoxia around 1900, in combination with an additional pollutant burden of sulphate within the lake basin, led to major alterations of the biogeochemical cycles. The most critical change in the post-1900 sediments involved the cycling of Fe and P. The linkage between the lacustrine P and Fe cycles can explain that FeS formation was paralleled by a release of P from the sedimentary pool. This supply of P to the lake basin must have supplemented the nutrient supply by modern agriculture and contributed to recent hypertrophication. The bacterial sulphate reduction also affected the generation of alkalinity which supported a significant calcite precipitation in the post-1900 sediments.S is enriched 10-fold in the post-1900 sediments compared to preindustrial values. Along with the rise in S, soot particles derived from fossil fuel combustion appear in the sediments for the first time. Therefore, Bussj¨osj¨on is thought to be a good example of how a well-buffered, highly productive lake may respond to the pollution by sulphur from acid rain.  相似文献   

Mercury pollution in two gold mining areas of the Brazilian Amazon     

S. Rodrigues Filho  J.E.L. Maddock 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)

Gold has been exploited intensively in the Brazilian Amazon during the past fifteen years using garimpo methods (small-scale gold mining). In this study, two gold mining areas were investigated, the municipalities of Pocone and Alta Floresta located in the state of Mato Grosso. Central Brazil. The elemental mercury (Hg) used in amalgamating the gold, the final stage of the ore dressing process, has caused abnormal Hg concentrations in waterways. This has occurred principally in the Amazon region, where most of the ore prospected is alluvial. Background levels of metals were determined by analyzing sediments and soils located upstream of the anthropogenic inputs and unaffected by mining activities. The study aimed to evaluate the pollution level in sediments and soils, taking into account drainage waters directly affected by gold mining. ‘Geoaccumulation indexes’ (Igeo) of Hg in sediments from both study areas were used to assesses the pollution level in the aquatic environment. The geoaccumulation indexes of Hg in sediments of the Bento Gomes River in Pocone indicate a relatively high degree of pollution at some sites, even reaching class 4 (1.85 mg/kg). However, when the river reaches the Pantanal swamp, Hg concentrations drop considerably to 0.30 mg/kg. This drop seems to be due to accumulation of metals in the sediments of a lake (sampling site PG-24), which retains most of the sediments transported by the Bento Gomes River. Accumulation of metals in the lake also occurred for Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn. In the region of Alta Floresta, total Hg concentrations in sediments of the Teles Pires River were studied in the grain size fractions < 74 μm and > 74 μm. Hg concentrations in bottom sediments of this river were higher than those found in the Pocone region, with increases of 1.5 to 30 times the background, and thus reaching an Igeo up to class 5.  相似文献   

南京北郊低空污染气象条件若干特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史慧敏  沈觉成 《地理研究》1992,11(2):60-67

本文根据南京北郊大厂镇地区实测低空温风资料的统计分析,揭露了该区低空逆温、混合层顶高度、风向、风速、大气稳定度等的铅直分布规律和局地环流的某些特征。  相似文献   

HIWAY—2模式对研究宁六公路（丁解直线段）汽车污染的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹文俊  朱汶 《南京气象学院学报》1991,14(2):203-210

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High flow events and sediment transport in small streams in the ‘tertiary basin’ area in piedmont (Northwest Italy)     

Domenico Tropeano 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(4):323-339

Rainfall, peak discharges, and suspended sediment transport were surveyed for 280 events in three small (0.8 to 10 km²) catchments in a hilly area derived from Neogene marls, silts, and sands. Under similar hydrological input conditions, stream flow behaviour and sediment delivery differed considerably from one catchment to another, depending on topography, lithology, land use, and especially sediment availability. Analytical treatment of data showed a good fit between sediment yield and peak flow discharge. Less good, although still significant, was the correlation between sediment concentration and discharge values for different flow stages. Rainfall peak/basin lag time and rainfall/discharge showed poor or no correlation, mainly due to strong variations in rainfall distribution. Sediment concentration in the catchments varied enormously according to season, from zero up to 334 g 1^?1; sediment yield was 160-900 tonnes km^?2 yr^?1 in the two major catchments, and over 5200 tonnes km^?2 yr^?1 in the headwater catchment, stressing the importance of small tributaries not only in inducing floods in downstream channels, but also in sediment supply.  相似文献   

宝山区粮田土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,铬,汞含量的初步研究     

冯恭衍  张炬 《上海国土资源》1991,(3):59-64

本文研究了宝山区粮田土壤六种重金属铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、汞的含量及范围,土壤中重金属含量与污染源及土壤类型存在一定的关系。本区土壤中的六种重金属元素含量都在正常值范围之内。总体而言,我区粮田土壤没有受到污染,但个别地区的淞南、吴淞、葑塘等乡则受到了一定程度的污染。  相似文献   

水库诱发地震最大震级的预测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

常宝琦  梁纪彬 《华南地震》1992,12(1):74-79

水库蓄水诱发地震虽然是水利工程建设伴生的少见现象,但有时会诱发6级以上地震,加之震中距小,震源浅,成为水利工程抗震设防的重要因素。已有震例还证明,水库规模越大,诱震的可能性越大,诱震的最大震级Mmax(以下简写M)也越高。我们曾提出用水库的“综合影响参数E”来表征水库的“规模”,并给出了M～E回归关系式。本文在补充了部分震例资料,并把M和E以及最大库深Hmax(以下简写H)都视为随机量,经模式识别的分类判别后把所用震例分为两组(第一组为M≥4.5的21个震例:第二组为全部37个震例),把变量E取为确定量或取为随机量和把变量E、lnH取为两个随机量与M进行了回归。回归结果:第一组的双随机量(M、E)模型的回归标准差为口σ_M=0.610,变异系数V=0.118,三随机量(M,E,H)σ_M=0.576。V=0.111;第二组的双随机量的σ_M=1.028,V=0.234,三随机量时σ_M=1.032,V=0.235。说明第一组三随机量模型对可能发生M≥4.5级的新建水库的最大诱震震级的预测是可用的。  相似文献   

突出小地震活动事件作为中强震短临预报判据的研究     

孙晓丹 《内陆地震》1990,4(2):149-155

对新疆1970年以来突出小震活动事件进行了统计分析,给出突出小地震活动事件与5级以上中强震的对应关系,提出以突出小地震活动事件中小地震发生的时间间隔和频度预报中强震的短期判据。  相似文献   

Deformational history of the Precambrian Kolar Schist Belt,South India: Constraints for the tectonic evolution     

Dilip K. Mukhopadhyay 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(2):201-213

In the Kolar Schist Belt well-preserved small-scale diastrophic structures suggest four phases of folding (F₁ — F₄). The near coaxial F₁ andF ₂folds are both isoclinal with long-drawn out limbs and sharp hinges. The axial planes of bothF ₁andF ₂folds are subvertical with N-S strikes; these control the linear outcrop pattern of the Schist belt. The later folds (F ₃and F₄) are important in small-to-intermediate scales only and are accommodation structures formed during the relaxation period of the early folding episodes. Mesoscopic shear zones, post-F₂ but pre-F₃ in age, are present in all the rock types in this area. The F₁ and F₂ folds and the mesoscopic shear zones were formed during a continuous E-W subhorizontal compression. Available geochemical and isotopic data show that the Kolar Schist Belt with ensimatic setting is bounded by two granitic terrains of contrasting evolutionary histories. This, together with E-W subhorizontal compression over a protracted period of time, strengthens the recent suggestions that the Kolar Schist Belt represents a suture. This belt then marks the site of a continent-continent collision event of late Archaean-early Proterozoic age.  相似文献